Let's get straight to the point. The vast majority of us have been lead to believe that hypothetical objects constructed from unrealistic physics and impossible mathematics, is real. The blame can be laid squarly on the shoulders of our current cosmology establishment. Right off the bat the notion of a Black Hole being science fails. It fails because science must be falsifiable, black holes are not falsifiable so therefore not science. Now that's a claim that sounds sensational, but as Dr. Roubitaille points out below, this is an assessment that must be made for the broader reputation of science.
Does Relativity predict black holes?
Einstein himself published a paper containing many mathematical refutations of black holes existing due to such things as angular momentum.
Robert Oppenheimer, best known for the Manhattan Project and the nuclear bomb, published a paper disproving black holes using the same reasoning of Relativity which predicted black holes. Easy to see why Einstein saw them a quirk of the mathematics if projected too far. In Oppenheimer's paper the gravitational field strength would become so strong that time would slow asymptotically and the singularity never reached. I would never normally use one unproven theory (no engineering is based on General Relativity, not even GPS) to disprove a hypothetical object, except when its the theory that predicted them, since that in itself is an intractable logical conflict.
Eric Lerner, Chief scientist for LPP Fusion, discusses below:
Black holes or plasmoids?
This next clip is actually conclusive proof that Sagittarius A is not a black hole, featuring clips of all the LAMBDA-CDM astronomers making bold predictions that an approaching gas cloud would be "sucked in". Well, guess what? Not only was the gas cloud not sucked in, it actually slowed down! Now answer me this: How does a black hole simply decide to "switch itself off". This is completely and utterly devastating to black hole theory! Also note the stars near the galactic center were not orbiting the equatorial plane but rather around toroidal plasmoid field lines, and note that very importantly there was no gravitational lensing, which also seems to decide to switch itself off when suitable.
The black hole cannot exist in the big bang universe. This is according to the established model, including Stephen Hawking's mathematics.
These fundamentally intractable logical conflicts extend to the geometry of Black Holes:
The exclusionary fundamental mathematical predictions tell us that if we are to start taking ourselves seriously then we must at the very least face up to the reality that either the big bang is a scientific fact, or black holes are a scientific fact, or neither, but both cannot be by the very definition of the mathemagicians that invented them.
They simply cannot both be facts and this is according to comparing Hawking models, Kip Thorne, Roger Penrose etc, types of theoretical black holes with inflationary mathematics and the big bang of LAMBDA-CDM. This conflict is typically not so widely advertised for obvious reasons.
Steve Crothers completely and utterly destroy the mathematics and physics of "Black Holes" This is devastating to black hole theory since it IS BASED ON mathematics!
To frame the load bearing function of the proven plasma phenomenon known as a plasmoid, we first need to understand its place in the galactic circuit. There are several models for this, here is one of the earliest ones.
Hannes Alfven is a Nobel Prize winner
This clip goes into detail of the overview of my argument.
When the suggested black hole at the heart of our Milky Way galaxy this year flared suddenly to 75X its usual brightness, many physicists concluded that we may need to revisit our model. Meanwhile, This behavior was already predicted by the proponents of an Electric Universe, who all along had been saying we were looking at a phenomenon of electrodynamics known as a PLASMOID. These flaring and brightening events are indicative of the load function ultimately leading up to discharge as the discussed polar jets.
If this is new information to you, it's best not to lose sight of the fact that plasmoids are known science. Black holes were never proven. They were decided, not proven cannot even be observed. They remain essentially hypothetical, speculation despite the press releases treating them as if they are established fact.
That statement I have just made is a true statement. Let that sink in for a moment and keep an open mind.
Pt. 1) Black hole or plasmoid? You decide...
Moreover, Plasmoids are expected phenomena in Plasma Cosmology and with the cosmic web made up of contained plasma magnetic entities and the electrodynamic ionised plasma that facilitates it carrying charge once charge is separated at galactic centers, they must be central in the galactic circuit. Plasma makes filaments, creates magnetic fields and discs. Gravity forms round orbital systems. So that means plasmoids are expected exactly where black holes are alleged to be in the standard cosmological model. Plasmoids functioning as a load in the galactic circuit account for all the observable signs we ascribe to black holes, plus they are expected to discharge massive interstellar jets, just like the dipole jets they discharge in the lab. No black holes are made in labs or even observed forming galaxies... Or even moving towards galactic centres. The one they thought they found turned out to be within the margin of observational error.
Now this notion of these jets being accretion discs is even more fantastical. There is no mechanism in physics that accounts for such a notion. Accretion disc shooting out as polar jets, in long, thin beams, (lightyears long in the case of supposed supermassive black holes) and nearly at light speed, seems a bit of a stretch. Why does the beam remain so focused and not disperse into the "vacuum" of space?
Lets face it, the actual observable evidence doesn't stand up to scrutiny.
Nobody has seen a black hole, they are inferred by measuring the same bright radio spots in xray you would expect from plamoids, so as mentioned the chance of them mysteriously occurring where plasmoids should be according to experimentally well verified dynamics seems to me to be a bit weak in terms of likelihood. Xrays are just Electromagnetic Waves on a different spectrum to visible light which is not meant to be able to escape the event horizon (just like the the galactic jets).
Above: The synthetic images
As we can see, the recent "proof" of a black hole M87 offered up by the Event Horizon team in reality only showed us the characteristic doughnut shape of a plasmoid, and it did so from super-imposing 62 000 synthetic images together and speculating on "noise" signals. The image could be anything vaguely torus shaped. Doughnuts and plasmoids come to mind.
And here below compiled brilliantly in the embedded multi-media clip, the topic of cosmic jets only act as EVIDENCE for Plasma Cosmology. Black holes should not eject matter, even by the given patchwork reasoning, nor should they remain so thin and focused without dispersion into the vacuum of space, among other other theory-shredding problems. These are evidence of plasmoidal behavior.
And finally: To discuss black holes as a scientific fact is a very unscientific and disingenuous thing to do when in reality what we see are bright radio sources, particularly in X-Ray. Below find a clip of interest discussing related issues.
Detailed scrutiny of the image of the black hole supposedly at M87. It seems they they pulled the signal from the noise and from their own expectations. An MRI and Imaging expert examines the claims.
Here are the papers from Event Horizons supposed black hole, why not scrutinise them yourself?
- Paper I: The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
- Paper II: Array and Instrumentation
- Paper III: Data processing and Calibration
- Paper IV: Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
- Paper V: Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
- Paper VI: The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
If you are picking up what I'm putting down, Part 5 of my "assumptions in science" themed posts looks at the need to describe the universe in terms of a single force, gravity, in the face of evidence which overwhelmingly suggests that more than one force is at play. Click here.
(Reminder lab results, scientific papers etc for all posts on the science series for cosmology are HERE in that section:
References:
References supported by the following scientific papers
Black holes:
https://vixra.org/abs/2004.0569
Bekenstein-Hawking Black Hole Entropy, Hawking Temperature, and the Unruh Effect: Insight from the Laws of Thermodynamics – a Synopsis
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers, Pierre-Marie Robitaille
By Professor Donald Scott:
By Professor Donald Scott:
Black Hole X-Ray Sources
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Irwin et al recently reported on ultraluminous X-ray bursts in two ultracompact companions to nearby elliptical galaxies NGC 4697 and NGC 5128 (sources 1 and 2 respectively). Although they discuss a number of possibilities, they favour neutron stars and black holes as the likely sources: "the sources appear to be normal accreting neutron-star or black-hole X-ray binaries". However, there is no possibility for black holes to be associated with these X-ray sources because the mathematical theory of black holes contains a latent violation of the rules of pure mathematics.
Mathematical Theory of Black Holes – Its Infinite Equivalence Class
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
There exists an infinite equivalence class of solutions for the equations Rμν = 0, thereby constituting all admissible 'transformations of coordinates'. If any element of this infinite equivalence class cannot be extended to produce a black hole then none can be extended to a black hole, owing to equivalence. No such element can be extended to produce a black hole. Consequently, the mathematical theory of black holes violates the rules of pure mathematics.
Comment on the Black Hole in Markarian 1018
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
It has recently been reported in the journal 'Astronomy and Astrophysics' that the active galactic nucleus of Markarian 1018 has likely changed optical type due to the effects of a supermassive black hole or a binary system consisting of two such black holes. It is however impossible for any type or form of black hole to be involved with Mrk 1018 because the mathematical theory of black holes violates the rules of pure mathematics.
PLASMA COSMOLOGY
The Evidence For Electrical Currents in Cosmic Plasma, A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 18, p.26 (1990) (548KB).
Plasma Experiments in the Laboratory and Space, A. L. Peratt, C.-G. Fälthammar, and N. Rynn (1992) (548KB)
Equilibrium of Intergalactic Currents, B. E. Meierovich and A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 20, p.891, 1992 (152KB)
Alfvén Waves and Birkeland Currents, T. A. Potemra, Physica Scripta, T60, 107-112, 1995
Advances in Numerical Modeling of Astrophysical and Space Plasma, A. L. Peratt, APSS 242, 1997 (3.3MB)
Advances in Numerical Modeling of Astrophysical and Space Plasma, Part II Astrophysical Force Laws on the Large Scale. A. L. Peratt, APSS 256, 1998 (2.1MB)
Advances in Numerical Modeling of Astrophysical and Space Plasma, Part II Astrophysical Force Laws on the Large Scale. A .L. Peratt, APSS 256, 1998 [Adobe annotated edition] (8.3MB)
The Redshift Revisited A.K.T. Assis and M.C.D. Neves(36KB), Astrophys. Space Sci. 227, 13-24, 1995 (696K)
The Temperature of Space, C.H. Guillame 1896 (108KB)
Thermalization of synchrotron radiation from field-aligned currents, W. Peter and A. Peratt, Laser and Particle Beams, vol. 6, part 3, pp. 493-501, 1988 (560K)
COBE Satellite Finds No Hint of Excess in the Cosmic Microwave Spectrum, Physics Today, 1990 (128K).
COBE Sows Cosmological Confusion, Science, vol. 257, 28, 1992 (356K).
Fretting About Statistics, Daniel Kleppner, Physics Today, July 1992 (236KB).
On the Critical Ionization Velocity Effect in Interstellar Space and Possible Detection of Related Continuum Emission, G. L. Verschuur, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 35, pp. 759-766, 2007.
Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, H. Arp, Astrophys. J., Supplement Series, 123-132, 1966 (152K).
Evolution of the Plasma Universe: I. Double Radio Galaxies, Quasars, and Extragalactic Jets, A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. Vol. PS-14, N.6, pp.639-660, December 1986.(1.7M)
Evolution of the Plasma Universe: II. The Formation of Systems of Galaxies, A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. Vol. PS-14, N.6, pp.763-778, December 1986 (1.9M).
The Role of Particle Beams and Electrical Currents in the Plasma Universe, A. L. Peratt, Laser and Particle Beams, vol.6, part.3, pp.471-491, 1988.
Electrical Engineering, Plasma Science, and the Plasma Universe, A. L. Peratt, 1986 (312KB)
The Golden Anniversary of Magnetic Storms and the Aurorae, T. A. Potemra and A. L. Peratt, 1989 (516KB)
Guest Editorial: The IEEE International Conference on Plasma Cosmology, La Jolla, CA, A. L. Peratt, 1990 (1.1MB)
Guest Editorial: Plasma Experiments in the Laboratory and in Space, A. L. Peratt, C.-G. Fälthammar, N. Rynn, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 1992 (548K).
Guest Editorial, Space Weather Effects, S. T. Lai, N. Singh, A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. December 2000 (36K).
Guest Editorial Sixth Special Issue on Space and Cosmic Plasma, A. L. Peratt and C.-G. Fälthammer, December 2003 (1.4MB)
Guest Editorial Seventh Special Issue on Space and Cosmic Plasma, A. L. Peratt and T. E. Eastman, August 2007 (3 MB)
Evolution of Colliding Plasmas, A. Peratt, J. Green, and D. Nielsen, Physical Review Letters, 44, pp. 1767-1770, 1980 (248K).
Microwave Generation from Filamentation and Vortex Formation within Magnetically Confined Electron Beams, A. L. Peratt and C. M. Snell, Physical Review Letters, 54, pp. 1167-1170, 1985 (688K).
A Particle-in-Cell Simulation of a Cyclic Beam Buncher, A. L. Peratt, C. M. Snell, and F. S. Felber, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 18, p.626, (1990) (448KB).
Comments on Tired-Light Mechanisms, H. Arp, IEEE TPS v.18, 1990 (136K).
Evidence for Quantized and Variable Redshifts in the Cosmic Background Rest Frame , W. G. Tifft, in Modern Mathematical Models of Time and Their Applications to Physics and Cosmology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1997 (1.2M).
Redshifts and Blueshifts of Spectral Lines Emitted by Two Correlated Sources, E. Wolf, Phys. Rev. Letters, 58, 2646, 1987 (176K)
Shifts of Spectral Lines Caused by Scattering from Fluctuating Random Media, D. F. V. James, M. P. Savedoff, and E. Wolf, Astrophysical J., 359, 67, 1990 (448K).
Filamentation of Volcanic Plumes on the Jovian Satellite Io, A. L. Peratt and A. J. Dessler, Astrophys. Space Sci. 144, pp. 451-461, 1988 (1M).
Was the Titius-Bode Series Dictated by the Minimum Energy States of the Generic Solar Plasma? E. Wells, IEEE TPS v.18, 1990 (264K).
Interstellar Neutral Hydrogen Filaments at High Galactic Latitudes and the Bennett Pinch, G. L. Verschuur, Astrophys. Space Sci. 227, pp. 187-198, 1995 (776K).
Radiation Properties of Pulsar Magnetospheres: Observation, Theory, and Experiment. K. Healy and A. Peratt, Astrophys. Space Sci. 227, 1995 (1.1MB).
Galactic Neutral Hydrogen Emission Profile Structure, G. L. Verschuur and A. L. Peratt, Astron. J. 118, pp.1252-1267, 1999 (672K).
Observation of the CIV Effect in Interstellar Clouds: A Speculation on the Physical Mechanism for Their Existence, A. L. Peratt and G. L. Verschuur, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. December 2000 (344K).
Trends in Apparent Time Intervals Between Multiple Supernovae Occurrences, E. Sanders, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.31, pp.1252-1262, 2003 (408Kb)
Self-similarity of plasma networking in a broad range of length scales: From laboratory to cosmic plasmas, A. B. Kukushkin and V. A. Rantsev-Kartinov, Rev. Scientific Instr., 70, n.2, pp.1387-1391, 1999.
Plasma Physics from Laboratory to Cosmos—The Life and Achievements of Hannes Alfvén, C.-G. Fälthammar (808KB)
Dean of the Plasma Dissidents, A. L. Peratt, The World & I, Natural Science Sec., pp.190-197, May 1988, (4 MB)
The Most Feared Astronomer on Earth: Halton Arp. W. Kaufman III. (592KB).
A Tribute to Oscar Buneman—Pioneer of Plasma Simulation, R. Buneman, R. J. Barker, A. L. Peratt, S. H. Brecht, A. B. Langdon, H. R. Lewis, IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci. 22, 1994 (1.2MB)
Particle Beams and Basic Plasma Phenomena in the Plasma Universe: A Special Issue in Honor of the 80th Birthday of Hannes Alfvén, Laser and Particle Beams, v.6, pt.3, 1988 (464KB)
The Legacy of Birkeland's Plasma Torch, A. L. Peratt, The Kristian Birkeland Lecture, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, v.9, Oslo, Norway, 1996 (12MB).
In Memoriam Grote Reber 1911-2002 Founder of Radio Astronomy, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 31, December 2003 (372kB)
PLASMA SCIENCE APPLICATION PRESENTATIONS
“Multiple Platform Application of 3D CAD PIC Simulations in Pulsed Power: The Coaxial Plasma Thruster: Demonstration of Large-Scale Separation of Electrons and Ions In Space and in the Laboratory for the Production of Gigawatt Microwaves , Invited Paper, A. L. Peratt and M. A. Mostrom, IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Madison, WI.,1995 (4.6MB Quicktime Movie)